![]() ![]() For further information about ambiguity resolution, see the references at the back of this book. For a brief description of ambiguities, see the GNSS Measurements–Code and Carrier Phase Precision section earlier in this chapter. Despite being a complex process, high precision GNSS receivers can resolve the ambiguities almost instantaneously. To eliminate these errors and to take advantage of the precision of carrier-based measurements, RTK performance requires measurements to be transmitted from the base station to the rover station.Ī complicated process called “ambiguity resolution” is needed to determine the number of whole cycles. The calculated ranges still include errors from such sources as satellite clock and ephemerides, and ionospheric and tropospheric delays. Range CalculationĪt a very basic conceptual level, the range is calculated by determining the number of carrier cycles between the satellite and the rover station, then multiplying this number by the carrier wavelength. RTK is used for applications that require higher accuracies, such as centimetre-level positioning, up to 1 cm + 1 ppm accuracy. ![]() The basic concept is to reduce and remove errors common to a base station and rover pair, as illustrated in Figure 42. RTK stands for Real-Time Kinematic and is a technique that uses carrier-based ranging and provides ranges (and therefore positions) that are orders of magnitude more precise than those available through code-based positioning. ![]() Sign up now and see how science can help you answer real-world questions.The positioning technique we described in Chapter 2 is referred to as code-based positioning, because the receiver correlates with and uses the pseudorandom codes transmitted by four or more satellites to determine the ranges to the satellites. From these ranges and knowing where the satellites are, the receiver can establish its position to within a few metres. On the completion of this course, you will better understand the movement of objects by looking at the real-world application of kinematics. The study of the motion of objects focuses on topics such as acceleration, position and velocity. In physics, the study of movement and the motion of objects is called kinematics, a branch of mechanics. You will see that displacement can be calculated as the area under the curve in a velocity-time graph. This course will also show you that the Airbus A380 has a takeoff velocity of 280 km/hour and that an FA-18 Hornet has a take-off speed of 260 km/hour from an aircraft carrier and needs an aircraft length of 80 metres. You will then see that race cars accelerate when cornering even if travelling at a constant speed as there is a change in direction. Then it is time to look at real examples. Learn how to understand practical examples and solve problems related to movement work through examples using formulas calculate acceleration, velocity and displacement of an object and use velocity-time graphs to visualise data. You will look at practical examples to help you gain a clear understanding of its principles and the importance of physics in solving real-world problems. This course begins by explaining the concept of kinematics, which is the study of the movement and motion of objects. ![]()
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